What is a Hobbing Machine?

What is a Hobbing Machine? (with picture)

A hobbing machine is a milling variant used to cut sprockets, gears, and splined parts using a specialist cutting tool known as a hob. The hob is a cylindrical cutting tool that features a series of helical rows of teeth. The hobbing machine features two spindles, one of which holds the work piece and the other the hob. Both spindles rotate at a set ratio while the hob is advanced into the workpiece to cut the teeth. Cutting toothed parts on a hobbing machine is a cheap yet accurate method of production of a wide range of products including worm gears, ratchets, involute gears, and helical gears.

Hobbing machines are similar in operation to conventional milling machines but for the specialized cutting tools used. These tools are known as hobs and are used exclusively for the hobbing process. Cylindrical in cross section, the hob features progressive rows of helical cutting teeth. The hob is grooved or fluted from top to bottom at regular intervals giving the tool a distinctive hand grenade appearance. These flutes serve to reduce cutting friction and aid in chip removal during cutting. The pitch and profile of the hob teeth depend on the desired end result although all follow the same basic design.

The construction of a hobbing machine is similar to that of a conventional milling machine and features a pair of rotating spindles, one for the workpiece and one for the hob. These spindles are place at an opposed angle to each other depending on the type of piece being produced. If, for example, a spur gear is being cut, the hob spindle angle will be equal to the gear's eventual helix angle. The relationship between the two spindles' rotational speeds is dictated by the tooth pitch of the finished product. For instance, a gear with 40 teeth will be machined at a 40:1 rotational ratio.

The hobbing process involves advancing the hob into the rotating workpiece until the desired tooth depth has been achieved. Up to five gears may be cut at one pass, and several separate gears may be stacked in the workpiece spindle and cut at the same time. Very large workpieces are typically gashed prior to hobbing. Gashing involves rough cutting the workpiece on a universal milling machine before it is finished on a hobbing machine. Hobbing is a very cost effective method of accurately cutting a wide variety of toothed products including helical gears, splines, worm gears, sprockets, and involute and cycloid gears.

Gear Hobbing Companies

Gear hobbing is the process of creating gear teeth through a “hob,” which is a rotating cutter. This process may be used for either high or low volume production of external cylindrical gears. The production rate of gear hobbing is relatively high compared to other gear-making techniques. The method can be used to make spur, helical, worm, sprocket, and spline gears, among other types of gears.

The Gear-Hobbing Process

Gear hobbing is a multi-step process. In the first step, a spinning cutter known as a hob is used to roll a gear blank. A multipoint cutting tool is then used. This tool resembles a worm gear with several straight flutes running parallel to its axis all around its circumference. These flutes are fashioned in such a way that they serve as cutting edges after being provided the correct angles. Next, the hob is fed to the gear blank while rotating at an appropriate rpm. The gear blank and gear hob's rpm are synced such that for every gear bob revolution, the gear blank rotates by a distance equivalent to one pitch of the gear that needs to be cut. This synchronization ensures that both the hob and the gear blank move consistently and steadily. In order for the hob's cutting blades to stay square with the gear blank during operation, it is tilted at a helix angle; the hob teeth then act like screw threads. A wide range of gears, including spur gears, helical gears, hearing-bone gears, splines, and gear sprockets, are made by gear hobbing.

Hob Positioning for Various Gears

After simultaneously spinning the gear blank and the cutter, known as a hob, with a fixed gearing ratio between the two, gears are cut. The gear blank is fed into the rotating hob until the necessary depth is obtained. Until all of the teeth are formed, the hob is fed across the blank's face. The hob teeth in a hobbing spur gear are positioned parallel to the blank's axis of rotation. Conversely, the axis of the hob is placed over an angle to create the proper helix for helical teeth bobbing. Worm gears, meanwhile, are made with the hob's axis fixed at a proper angle to the blank gear.

Techniques Used in the Hobbing Process

Conventional hobbing: in this technique, the direction of the “feed (the moving direction of the hob in relation to the face of the workpiece)” matches the direction of the cutting motion. This technique produces a better finish but creates more wear.
Climb hobbing: this technique has the feed in a direction opposite to the cutting motion. This technique is employed as a means to extend the tool’s life.

Hobbing Gear Parameters

Indexing movement, feed rate, and the angle between the axis of the gear blank and the gear hobbing tool are three crucial variables that must be under control (gear hob).

Hobbing Process Types

According to the hob's feeding directions for cutting gears, the gear- hobbing operation is divided into many groupings including axial feed, radial feed, and tangential feed categories as discussed below.

Gear Hobbing Using Axial Feed

In this procedure, the gear hob is fed against the gear blank parallel to its axis and along the blank's face. Gears like spur and helical gears are made using this operation.

Gear Hobbing Using Radial Feed

With this technique, the axes of the hob and gear blanks are arranged to be parallel to one another. The rotating hob is fed against the gear blank in a radial direction or perpendicular to the axis of the gear blank. Worm wheels are created using this process when the hob is positioned at the whole depth of the tooth and fed axially forward to the face of the gear blank; the hob is fed tangentially.

Gear Hobbing Using Tangential Feed

The teeth of a worm wheel are also cut using this method. The hob is held horizontally in this situation, with its axis oriented at the axis of the blank.

Benefits of the Gear-Hobbing Process

When compared to other gear generation techniques, gear hobbing is an economical procedure since it is a quick and continuous operation.
Its shorter manufacturing cycles results in a higher output rate.
This process helps to create a wide range of gears, including worms, helical gears, spur gears, splines, and sprockets.
By employing a method known as necessary indexing, the gear-hobbing process is relatively straightforward and able to produce any number of teeth while maintaining the module's accuracy.
Gear hobbing alone can produce a specific kind of gear known as a herringbone gear (a special gear with a herringbone, or repeating V, pattern).
The gear-hobbing process can handle a wide range of batch sizes, ranging from tiny to huge volumes.
The gear-hobbing process makes it possible to process multiple gear blanks placed on the same arbor at once.
Since a hob is a multipoint cutting tool with several cutting teeth or edges in itself, there are fewer cutting edges operating at once and there is more time for any heat created during this manufacturing process (and which may negatively affect the parts created) to be dissipated.

Drawbacks of the Gear-Hobbing Process

The process is generally used to create external gears and typically requires additional setup for producing internal gears. Additionally, the machine must have the ability to fit a particular head for this purpose.
The process cannot create bevel gears.
There are size limitations regarding the gears it can produce.
Producing splines or sprockets will require additional time to set up the machine to properly function.

Choosing the Proper Gear Hobbing Company

To make sure you have the most productive outcome when purchasing Gear Hobbing from a Gear Hobbing Supplier, it is important to compare at least 4 Companies using our Gear Hobbing directory. Each Gear Hobbing Company has a business profile page that highlights their areas of experience and capabilities and a contact form to directly communicate with the manufacturer for more information or request a quote. Review each Gear Hobbing business website using our patented website previewer to get an idea of what each business specializes in, and then use our simple RFQ form to contact multiple Gear Hobbing companies with the same form.

Principle Of Gear Hobbing Machine - 1383 Words

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